Geocentric to Heliocentric

   This video let us understand how the sciencie dramatically changed its point of view about the universe in what we will describe as a "scientific revolution". Here you have the sentences to write a brief composition discribing  this histórical process. Put it in a correct order and built your story.  Go ahead!

Sentence	Name, expressiion
A model  of the universe in which the stationary earth lies in the center and all the other celestial objects orbit it.	Geocentric  Model Earth centered model
Uranus and Neptune had not been yet discovered	Geocentric  Model Earth centered model
They both tried  to solve the remained problems from Heliocentric mode	Johannes Kepler Isaac Newton
The earth is not spinning, not moving  at all.	Geocentric  Model            Earth centered model
A smaller orbit around a bigger orbit	Epycicle
Conception of the universe accepted for more than a thousand years	Geocentric  Model Earth centered model
Planets move around sun in oval paths instead circular paths	Heliocentric model Sun-centered model
This model has been proved true by modern technologhy	Heliocentric model Sun-centered model
Observation about how the planets, stars, moon and sun moving together across the sky each day	Apparent daily motion
This model was quite controversial, it suggested that earth was not perfect neither special at all	Heliocentric model Sun-centered model
The earth is considered a perfect sphere created by God	Geocentric  Model Earth centered model
This model is the one that better predict our observations about were exactly  a planet would be on a given date at a given time	Heliocentric model Sun-centered model
Formulated a Heliocentric theory for the very first time	Copernicus
A model of the universe in which the sun lies in the center and other celestial objects, including the earth.	Heliocentric model Sun-centered model
The earth is moving in two ways, it is moving around the sun and it rotates on an axis.	Heliocentric model Sun-centered model
Planets  speed up when closer to the sun due to the pull of gravity	Isaac Newton
2500 years ago they Formulated a model about universe based in his observation about apparent daily motion.	Plato Aristotle
The speed with which the planets move around the sun changes,  faster if they are closer the sun,  more slowly if they are further away.	Johannes Kepler
This model is consistent with the apparent star motion we can daily observer	Geocentric  Model Earth centered model
Proposed the earth-centered model    around 100 A.D.	Ptolemy

The Turing test

   

   What is consciousness? Can an artificial machine really think? For many, these have been vital considerations for the future of artificial intelligence. But British computer scientist Alan Turing decided to disregard all these questions in favor of a much simpler one: Can a computer talk like a human? Alex Gendler describes the Turing test and details some of its surprising results.

To find further information, click here

What is the most important step of scientific method?

Do you know what a gecko is?

  This cute animal can make us understand what is the main ingredient of a scientist research. 

   A scientific should observe the reality asking questions about what he can not understand, he/she has to be imaginative and curious, he should be perseverant and stubborn. So imagination, curiosity, and an open minded attitude are as important as respecting scientist method steps to become in a great scientific

  Moreover an apparently unimportant investigation, can lead us  to a very useful technical discovery. We will whatch more about geckos, science and technology here.

Searching for happiness

   

When the Greeks thought about happiness, they considered it the aim of all our actions, the highest good that every man strives for; reaching fulfillment.But the eternal question has always been the following: Is it possible to achieve fulfillment?, is happiness something that can be achieved? Or should we consider it an horizon that always lies open and an impossible quest for the impossible?.

After watching this video try to answer the questions below:

- Summarize the different ways to achieve  to a happy life you can find on it.

- What theory do you like the most?, why? 

- What is happiness?, in your opinion....does this question have an answer?

Before Darwin

The history of  sciencie is the history of  mistakes commited by scientifics before strumbling across the truth. Theories about evolution are a good sample of scientifics errors. his topic is explained more extensively on this page, read it and answer the questions you can find here.

For further information about the controversy between Lamark and Darwin´s ideas  you can revise this Gloster poster.

Propositional logic: let´s formalize!

Logic deals with the formalization of natural language and reasoning methods. We will begin with an introduction to the logic of compound statements, which is a basis for many other logical systems and is also called propositional logic.

Propositional logic is a formal system in which the basic units are statements (or propositions)

The basic assumption is that each proposition represents a sentence that is either true or false (but not both)

Simple propositions are denoted by propositional variables (p, q, r, s……), statements can be combined via logical connectives into more complex , compound propositions.

The connectives used to form more complex propositions include:

·         negation (¬, ~,  . , read “not” or every natural language expression that means “not”, like: “It is not the case”, “It´s false that”, and so on)

·         Conjuntion: (˄, &,  read “and” or every natural language expression that means “and”, like “but”, althoug, also, as well as, and so on)

·         Disjuntion (˅, read “or” and every natural language expression that means “or”, like “either”)

·         Conditional (→,  ᴝ, read “if….then….” but it also can be used to translate “if,” “whenever”, “…provided that…”,  “…is sufficient for….”, “….is necessary for…” and so on.

·         Biconditional (↔, read “…if and only if…”, but also: “when and only when”, “is equivalent to “, “is equal to”, “is both necessary and sufficient for”, “just in case of..then..”

Parentheses are also used to mark the way the connectives linked the propositions, they are used when the connectives changed the ordinary logical order which is:

• Whenever a negation affects the whole conjunction or disjunction, conditional or bicontional , for example:

“It´s false that my brother can speak French and my sister too”: ¬(p˄q)

• Whenever the logical dominance (the usual capability that  the connectives have, to connect the propositions) changes  in the natural language formulation. So the order in “logical dominance” is: ↔, →, and ˄,˅ which have the same dominance.

Parentheses are often omitted to increase readability but one has to be careful to avoid  ambiguous expressións.

Here you can practice what you has just learn. you will find exercises at the bottom of the page.

On this page there are more ejercises, solutions are at the bottom. 

Anyway, if you are still in a mess, you can watch  this videos (in Spanish, ufff!!) that show you how solving certain  sort of  formalizacion exercises.

Bread, sugar and the scientifc method.

This week we are going to study how the scientific method can be applied in an everyday life example
Watch this video to do your schoolwork.

And watch  the video below to complete your information!!

HUMAN RIGHTS. DERECHOS HUMANOS

Especialmente dedicado a mis alumnos y alumnas del grupo bilingüe. 

Vamos a trabajar los derechos humanos del derecho y del revés: what means in English too. 

Firstly you will  need a few resources, for example, this shortened and easier version of the Universal Declatarion of Human Rights.

I think you could find out some  interesting and useful information related to this issue: why should  we be concerned about human rights?

Marina´s history: 

Israel/Palestine: New abuses

Zimbawest´s arrest of peaceful protesters

American´s broken hearts

Amnesty International Report

Human trafficking
Spanish woman commit suicide

What about your sense of humour?, try to find a humourous picture related to  your favourite human right. Here

Finally, I suggest you to play  this game, which will let you feel like a refugee. (It also let you to change the language, ufff!!!)

And, most of all, do not forget your  task: write in a paper (better  in English) about your human right, add an actual case related to it and paste a picture or drawing that represents what the human right states.